An asynchronous network is a distributed system where message delivery times between nodes are not guaranteed or bounded. Participants communicate without a global clock or fixed timing assumptions for message propagation. This architectural style contrasts with synchronous systems where messages arrive within a known time frame. Such networks introduce complexities for maintaining consistent state across all nodes.
Context
Most public blockchain networks inherently operate as asynchronous systems due to the unpredictable nature of internet communication. Designing robust consensus algorithms for these environments is a critical challenge, balancing fault tolerance with performance. Debates often address how to achieve finality and security without strict timing assumptions, influencing the scalability and reliability of decentralized applications.
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