Definition ∞ Attribute-Based Cryptography enables data encryption and decryption based on user characteristics. This cryptographic scheme permits data senders to define access policies using descriptive attributes, rather than specific identities, which are then attached to the ciphertext. Only recipients possessing a matching set of attributes can decrypt the information, providing fine-grained access control. It offers a flexible method for securing data where access depends on a user’s role or properties within a system.
Context ∞ Attribute-Based Cryptography is increasingly relevant for secure data sharing in decentralized ecosystems, particularly in areas like confidential computing and verifiable credentials on blockchains. Its application helps address privacy concerns by allowing selective disclosure of information without relying on a central authority. Research continues to refine its efficiency and security against various cryptographic attacks, making it a subject of active development for future privacy-preserving digital assets.
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