Chain reorganization, often called a reorg, occurs when a blockchain temporarily diverges, and a shorter chain is replaced by a longer, more canonical one. This event happens when multiple miners or validators simultaneously discover blocks, leading to a temporary fork. The network eventually resolves this by adopting the chain with the most cumulative work or stake. Transactions on the discarded chain become unconfirmed.
Context
News reports on chain reorganizations frequently highlight their impact on transaction finality and network security. While small reorgs are a normal part of blockchain operation, larger or frequent ones can cause concern regarding the integrity of recent transactions. This phenomenon is a critical metric for assessing the stability and decentralization of a blockchain, especially after significant network upgrades or consensus mechanism changes.
Monero's RandomX implementation, designed for accessibility, inadvertently exposes the network to potential 51% attacks, risking chain reorganizations and undermining transactional finality.
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