Commitment Scheme

Definition ∞ A commitment scheme is a cryptographic primitive allowing a party to commit to a chosen value while keeping it hidden, with the ability to reveal it later. This scheme operates in two phases, the commit phase, where a committer selects a value and computes a commitment, and the reveal phase, where the committer discloses the value and a proof that it matches the commitment. The primary properties are hiding, meaning the commitment does not reveal the value, and binding, meaning the committer cannot change the value after committing. It is a foundational tool in zero-knowledge proofs and secure multi-party computation.
Context ∞ Commitment schemes are vital for privacy and verifiable computation within blockchain and cryptographic protocols. News often covers their application in scaling solutions and privacy-preserving digital asset transactions. Ongoing research focuses on developing more efficient and secure schemes to support advanced cryptographic applications, enhancing the integrity of decentralized systems.

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→Zero-Knowledge

→Cryptographic Accumulator

→State Synchronization

Succinct State Proofs Decouple Verification from State Bloat

A novel polynomial commitment scheme enables constant-size cryptographic proofs of the entire blockchain state, resolving the critical state synchronization bottleneck and preserving decentralization.

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→Proof System Design

→Code-Based Cryptography

→Algebraic Code Commitments

Vector-Code Commitments Unlock Transparent Logarithmic-Time Zero-Knowledge Proof Verification

A new Vector-Code Commitment scheme uses algebraic codes to create transparent, logarithmic-time verifiable proofs, radically improving ZKP scalability.

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→Shielded Ownership

→Instance Specific Salting

→Cryptographic Primitives

Shielded Ownership via Two-Layer Cryptographic Commitment Ensures Private Contract Control

A two-layer cryptographic commitment scheme enables private, unlinkable on-chain ownership, fundamentally securing decentralized governance and treasuries.

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→Trustless Computation

→Streaming Passes

→KZG IPA

Sublinear Zero-Knowledge Proofs Democratize Verifiable Computation and Privacy

Sublinear memory scaling for ZKPs breaks the computation size bottleneck, enabling universal verifiable privacy on resource-constrained devices.

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→Trustless Setup

→Cryptographic Object

→Hash Based Construction

Erasure Code Commitments Enable Efficient Trustless Data Availability Sampling

This new cryptographic primitive formally guarantees committed data is a valid code word, enabling poly-logarithmic Data Availability Sampling without a trusted setup.

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→Polynomial Commitment

→Blockchain Scaling

→Commitment Scheme

Efficient Post-Quantum Polynomial Commitments Fortify Zero-Knowledge Scalability

Greyhound introduces the first concretely efficient lattice-based polynomial commitment scheme, unlocking post-quantum security for zk-SNARKs and blockchain scaling primitives.

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→Succinct Arguments

→Recursive Proof Folding

→Cryptographic Primitive

Vanishing Polynomial Commitments Enable Post-Quantum Succinct Arguments and Recursive Folding

A novel commitment scheme utilizing vanishing polynomials unlocks the first lattice-based linear-time prover and polylogarithmic verifier succinct arguments.

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→Arithmetic Circuit Satisfiability

→Deterministic Local Expansion

→Cryptographic Correlation

Committed VOLE Enables Consistent Private Computation across Multiple Parties

C-VOLE is a new cryptographic primitive that ensures input consistency across multiple private computations, fundamentally accelerating secure multi-party protocols.

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→Scalability

→Expander Graphs

→Commitment Scheme

Linear Prover Time Unlocks Scalable Zero-Knowledge Proof Generation

Orion achieves optimal linear prover time and polylogarithmic proof size, resolving the ZKP scalability bottleneck for complex on-chain computation.

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→Censorship Resistance

→Randomness Beacon

→Pseudorandom Function

Verifiable Pseudorandom Functions Cryptographically Enforce Fair Transaction Ordering

VPFs are a new primitive that cryptographically binds block producers to a fair, unpredictable transaction order, eliminating MEV frontrunning risk.