Asynchronous Finality Gadget Secures Proof-of-Stake Safety
The φ-Gadget introduces a two-phase threshold signature mechanism to decouple block ordering from finality, guaranteeing safety under asynchronous network conditions.
Decentralized Clock Network Secures Transaction Ordering Fairness
The Decentralized Clock Network decouples transaction ordering from consensus, using resilient clock nodes to assign receipt timestamps, thereby eliminating validator-based front-running.
