A consensus layer attack targets the fundamental mechanism by which a blockchain network agrees on the validity of transactions and blocks. This type of attack seeks to disrupt the network’s ability to achieve collective agreement, potentially leading to double-spending, transaction censorship, or a complete halt of ledger progression. Examples include 51% attacks on Proof-of-Work chains or various forms of stake manipulation in Proof-of-Stake systems. Successful execution severely undermines the integrity and security of the entire digital asset platform.
Context
News regarding consensus layer attacks often follows significant security incidents or discussions about the economic security models of different blockchain protocols. Researchers and protocol developers are consistently assessing and strengthening these mechanisms to resist increasingly sophisticated threats. The resilience of the consensus layer is a primary indicator of a blockchain’s overall security posture.
A consensus-breaking transaction exposed a cryptographic library flaw, forcing a chain split and validating the systemic risk of heterogeneous node software.
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