Core Theoretical Limits

Definition ∞ Core theoretical limits are the fundamental boundaries of what a blockchain system can achieve, based on its basic design principles. This refers to the inherent constraints and ultimate performance boundaries dictated by the foundational mathematical, cryptographic, and distributed systems principles underlying a blockchain protocol. These limits define the maximum achievable throughput, latency, decentralization, or security properties that cannot be surpassed without altering the fundamental design assumptions. They represent the trade-offs that exist within the blockchain trilemma.
Context ∞ The discussion around core theoretical limits is crucial for evaluating the long-term viability and scalability of various blockchain architectures. Engineers and researchers frequently confront these boundaries when designing new protocols or optimizing existing ones. Understanding these limits helps set realistic expectations for network performance and informs strategic decisions about protocol upgrades and layer-two solutions.