Directed Acyclic Graph

Definition ∞ A Directed Acyclic Graph is a data structure where nodes represent transactions and edges show the order of operations, without any cycles. In blockchain technology, DAGs serve as an alternative to linear blockchains for recording transactions, allowing for parallel processing and potentially higher throughput. Each new transaction typically references and validates previous transactions, forming a graph where data flows in one direction. This architecture aims to resolve scalability issues present in traditional sequential block structures by removing the need for global ordering.
Context ∞ DAGs are frequently discussed in crypto news as a potential solution for the scalability and transaction fee challenges faced by many established blockchains. Projects utilizing DAG structures often claim superior transaction speeds and lower costs, appealing to applications requiring microtransactions. However, questions regarding their security guarantees and decentralization levels, compared to robust blockchain models, remain a subject of ongoing technical analysis. Their practical deployment and adoption are closely monitored within the digital asset sector.

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→Round Complexity

→Consensus Mechanism

→Leaderless Consensus

DAG-Based BFT Protocol Achieves Optimal Latency without Common Primitives

This novel DAG-based BFT protocol achieves optimal three-round latency by eliminating reliable broadcast and common coin primitives, paving the way for hyper-efficient decentralized systems.

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→Message Overhead

→Security Properties

→MEV Mitigation

DAG-Based BFT Protocol Mitigates MEV without Complex Cryptography

Fino integrates MEV-resistance directly into Directed Acyclic Graph consensus, decoupling transaction content from ordering metadata to secure high-throughput systems.

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→State Machine Replication

→Transaction Ordering

→Distributed Systems Security

Prefix Consensus Unifies BFT Latency Throughput Robustness

Raptr's prefix consensus integrates leader-based low latency with DAG-based high throughput, resolving a core BFT trade-off for scalable systems.

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→Guild Agreement

→BFT Consensus

→Trust Assumptions

Asymmetric Trust Model Secures DAG Consensus Protocols

Researchers generalize DAG consensus to an asymmetric trust model, enabling protocols to maintain security even when nodes hold non-uniform fault tolerance assumptions.

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→Directed Acyclic Graph

→K-Of-N Secret Sharing

→Partial Synchrony Model

DAG Protocol Achieves MEV Protection with Zero Overhead

Fino, a new DAG-based BFT protocol, integrates a commit-reveal scheme to achieve Blind Order-Fairness, eliminating MEV risk with zero message overhead and no latency penalty.

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→Distributed Systems

→Consensus Protocol

→Multi-Block Commit

Uncertified DAG Consensus Achieves Sub-Second Asynchronous Byzantine Finality

This new asynchronous BFT protocol uses an uncertified DAG and a novel commit rule to shatter the latency barrier, enabling sub-second finality at high throughput.

→Byzantine Fault Tolerance

→Partially Synchronous

→Consensus Protocol

Uncertified DAG Consensus Protocol Achieves Theoretical Minimum Latency

Introducing Mysticeti-C, a BFT protocol using uncertified DAGs and a novel commit rule to achieve the theoretical 3-round message latency limit, enabling sub-second finality.

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→Extensive Form Game

→Asynchronous BFT Systems

→Incentive Compatibility

Strongly BPIC Mechanism Secures Leaderless DAG Consensus Fee Allocation

A new game-theoretic model and First-Price Auction with Equal Sharing (FPA-EQ) mechanism solves transaction fee alignment in leaderless DAG protocols.

The image showcases a series of advanced blockchain nodes, potentially ASIC units, interconnected within a high-performance computing infrastructure. Vibrant blue translucent conduits, reminiscent of a liquid cooling system or high-speed data pipeline, traverse between the modules, optimizing transaction throughput. White fibrous material, possibly advanced insulation or network synchronization pathways, adheres to the components, ensuring robust decentralized network operation. This setup is crucial for maintaining low network latency and efficient block propagation, vital for scaling solutions like sharding and supporting complex smart contract execution within a validator environment.

→Protocol Design

→Scalability Solution

→Leader-Based Consensus

Angelfish Consensus Unifies Leader-DAG BFT for Optimal Throughput and Latency

The Angelfish hybrid consensus protocol dynamically integrates leader-based and DAG architectures, resolving the core BFT throughput-latency trade-off.