An economic finality guarantee refers to the assurance in a blockchain system that reversing a transaction would incur a prohibitive financial cost, making such an action economically impractical for any attacker. This guarantee is not absolute cryptographic finality but relies on substantial economic disincentives, such as slashing large amounts of staked capital. It provides a high degree of confidence in transaction immutability. This security property is central to many proof-of-stake protocols.
Context
The strength of an economic finality guarantee is a significant point of discussion in the security analysis of various proof-of-stake blockchains. Debates often weigh the capital efficiency of staking against the required economic security threshold to withstand attacks. Future research focuses on optimizing these economic models to achieve stronger guarantees with reduced capital requirements.
The new Accountability Gadget formally quantifies the economic cost of PoS reorganizations, transforming finality from a social consensus into a provable, suicidal economic guarantee.
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