Definition ∞ An empty block attack is a type of denial-of-service attack where a miner or validator creates valid but empty blocks, hindering transaction processing. In this attack, a malicious participant with significant mining or validating power deliberately includes no transactions in the blocks they produce, even when pending transactions exist. While these blocks are valid and extend the blockchain, they prevent legitimate transactions from being confirmed, thereby reducing network throughput and user experience. This action can lead to transaction backlogs and increased fees.
Context ∞ The potential for empty block attacks is a recognized concern within proof-of-work and proof-of-stake blockchain networks, particularly regarding network efficiency and fairness. A key debate addresses the economic incentives for miners or validators to perform such an attack versus the long-term health of the network. Ongoing protocol upgrades and incentive adjustments are being considered to disincentivize this behavior and maintain consistent transaction processing.
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