Ethereum Proof-of-Stake (PoS) is the consensus mechanism adopted by the Ethereum blockchain, replacing its previous Proof-of-Work (PoW) system. Under PoS, validators are chosen to create new blocks and verify transactions based on the amount of Ether they have staked as collateral. This system aims to improve network security, reduce energy consumption, and enhance scalability compared to PoW. It represents a fundamental shift in how the Ethereum network achieves distributed agreement and processes operations.
Context
The transition to Ethereum Proof-of-Stake, known as “The Merge,” was a landmark event widely covered in crypto news, with ongoing discussions about its implications for the network and broader digital asset space. Debates persist regarding the centralization risks associated with large staking pools and the effectiveness of current validator distribution. Future developments include further enhancements to the PoS mechanism, such as sharding, designed to significantly boost transaction throughput. The performance and security of Ethereum’s PoS system remain a critical focus for market participants and developers.
This research unifies distributed systems and game theory to expose how rational validator incentives compromise Ethereum Proof-of-Stake safety and liveness, paving the way for resilient protocol design.
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