An Ethereum rollup is a layer-two scaling solution that processes transactions off the main Ethereum blockchain. Rollups bundle numerous off-chain transactions into a single batch and then submit this compressed data to the Ethereum mainnet, significantly reducing transaction fees and increasing throughput. There are two primary types optimistic rollups, which assume transactions are valid unless proven otherwise, and zero-knowledge rollups, which use cryptographic proofs to confirm transaction validity. This approach helps alleviate network congestion while inheriting Ethereum’s security.
Context
Ethereum rollups are currently at the forefront of scaling efforts for the Ethereum ecosystem, with multiple solutions competing for adoption and development. A central discussion involves the trade-offs between different rollup types concerning security guarantees, transaction finality, and developer experience. Future progress will focus on improving interoperability between rollups, enhancing their decentralization, and achieving greater efficiency to support the expanding demands of decentralized applications.
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