EVM Integer Math

Definition ∞ EVM Integer Math refers to the arithmetic operations performed on whole numbers within the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain rely exclusively on integer math for all calculations, including token balances, gas costs, and complex financial computations. Developers must carefully manage these operations to avoid common pitfalls like integer overflow or underflow, which can lead to critical vulnerabilities. The precision and range of these integer calculations directly impact contract behavior and security.
Context ∞ News reports on smart contract exploits often highlight vulnerabilities arising from improper EVM integer math, such as the infamous DAO hack or various DeFi incidents. These events underscore the need for rigorous auditing and safe coding practices when dealing with fixed-size integer types. Tools and libraries are continuously developed to help developers mitigate these arithmetic risks.