External Infrastructure

Definition ∞ External infrastructure refers to computing resources, services, and systems that operate outside a blockchain’s core network but are necessary for its functionality or for applications built upon it. This can include oracles providing off-chain data, centralized servers hosting user interfaces, or traditional financial systems facilitating fiat on-ramps and off-ramps. While distinct from the decentralized ledger, these components are essential for real-world utility and user accessibility. They bridge the gap between blockchain and the broader digital ecosystem.
Context ∞ The reliability and security of external infrastructure are critical discussion points, as vulnerabilities in these components can compromise the integrity of decentralized applications. News frequently covers advancements in oracle solutions and secure off-chain data feeds, which aim to minimize reliance on centralized points of failure. The ongoing challenge involves ensuring that external dependencies do not undermine the core principles of decentralization.