External Randomization

Definition ∞ External Randomization is the process of obtaining unpredictable data from sources outside a blockchain to introduce true randomness into smart contract operations. This method is essential for applications requiring verifiable unpredictability. It addresses the deterministic nature of blockchain environments, where all outcomes are inherently predictable. This enhances fairness and security in decentralized applications.
Context ∞ This concept is essential for decentralized gaming, lotteries, and certain DeFi mechanisms that rely on unbiased outcomes. Reliable and secure oracle networks providing such randomness are critical infrastructure, with ongoing developments focused on preventing manipulation and ensuring data integrity. The quality and trustworthiness of these external inputs directly affect the security and fairness of applications.