Fair randomness refers to the generation of unpredictable and unbiased outcomes in a verifiable manner. In blockchain and decentralized applications, achieving fair randomness is critical for games, lotteries, non-fungible token distribution, and consensus mechanisms to prevent manipulation. It often involves cryptographic techniques like verifiable random functions (VRFs) or decentralized oracle networks that source entropy from multiple independent inputs. The integrity of such systems depends on the impossibility of predicting or influencing the random output.
Context
Fair randomness is currently a vital research area in blockchain security, particularly as decentralized applications increasingly rely on unpredictable outcomes. A key discussion centers on the trade-offs between speed, cost, and cryptographic strength in various randomness generation methods. A critical future development involves the widespread adoption of provably fair and tamper-resistant randomness protocols to bolster the security and trustworthiness of decentralized systems.
This new cryptographic primitive enables constant-size proofs for arbitrarily long sequential computations, fundamentally solving the accumulated overhead problem for VDFs.
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