A finality committee is a select group of network participants responsible for confirming transactions on a blockchain. In some blockchain architectures, particularly those employing sharding or specific proof-of-stake designs, a finality committee is a subset of validators or nodes tasked with approving blocks to achieve irreversible finality. These committees are often randomly selected for each epoch to reduce collusion risks and enhance network security. Their collective agreement ensures the permanence of recorded data.
Context
The design and selection process for finality committees are critical areas of ongoing development, with a focus on ensuring their decentralization and resistance to malicious control. Debates often concern the optimal size and composition of such committees to balance security with network efficiency. Future improvements aim to strengthen the cryptographic mechanisms for committee selection and oversight, enhancing the overall trustworthiness of transaction finality.
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