Fork choice is the rule or algorithm that a blockchain node uses to determine which chain is the canonical one when multiple valid chains exist due to a fork. This rule is fundamental to maintaining network consistency and preventing double-spending. Common fork choice rules include selecting the longest chain (as in Bitcoin’s Proof of Work) or the chain with the most accumulated stake (as in many Proof of Stake systems). It guides nodes in resolving disagreements.
Context
Discussions around blockchain upgrades, consensus mechanism changes, or network attacks frequently reference fork choice rules. News reports often detail how a specific fork choice algorithm helps a network recover from temporary divergences or prevents malicious actors from altering transaction history. Understanding this rule is essential for comprehending a blockchain’s resilience and security properties.
This analysis dissects blockchain consensus, revealing inherent trade-offs in security, scalability, and decentralization, driving innovation in adaptive protocol design.
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