A fork choice rule is an algorithm used by blockchain nodes to determine which chain is the canonical, or correct, chain when multiple valid chains exist simultaneously. This rule helps resolve conflicts arising from network latency or malicious activity, ensuring all honest nodes agree on a single history of transactions. The “longest chain rule” is a common example. This mechanism is crucial for maintaining chain consistency.
Context
The design of a robust fork choice rule is central to the security and stability of any blockchain protocol, especially during periods of network congestion or attacks. Significant upgrades to protocols, such as Ethereum’s transition to Proof-of-Stake, often involve refining or replacing their fork choice rules. Understanding this rule is key to assessing a blockchain’s resilience against various threats.
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