Fork-choice rules are algorithms that determine which chain is considered the canonical, valid version of a blockchain when multiple branches exist. These rules guide nodes in selecting the correct history of transactions, especially after temporary network splits or malicious attempts to alter the ledger. They are essential for maintaining consensus and network integrity. Different blockchains employ distinct rule sets.
Context
Fork-choice rules are central to blockchain security and protocol upgrades, often discussed in technical crypto news. Debates arise during network hard forks or in scenarios involving potential chain reorganizations, as these rules dictate how the network resolves discrepancies. Future protocol developments, particularly in proof-of-stake systems, continue to refine these rules to enhance network resilience and censorship resistance.
This systematic review formally compares PoW and PoS security properties, revealing PoW's stronger guarantees and PoS's reliance on hybrid designs for comparable safety.
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