Free linear gates are a class of logical operations within algebraic circuits utilized in zero-knowledge proofs that can be computed without incurring substantial cost in the proving system. These gates represent linear transformations, which are inherently efficient to process. Their optimized handling contributes to reducing the overall computational expense of proof generation.
Context
The efficient processing of free linear gates is a primary design consideration for developers constructing zero-knowledge proof systems, particularly those targeting highly performant and scalable blockchain solutions. By maximizing the use of these computationally inexpensive operations, proof engineers can minimize the “arithmetization” overhead. This makes zero-knowledge rollups and other privacy-preserving protocols more practical for widespread adoption in digital asset transactions.
Research introduces Equifficient Polynomial Commitments, a new primitive that yields Pari, the smallest SNARK at 160 bytes, and Garuda, a prover three times faster than Groth16.
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