A Fully Decentralized L2 is a Layer 2 scaling solution for blockchains that operates without any centralized control points or trusted third parties. This type of Layer 2 achieves its decentralization by ensuring that all critical functions, including transaction sequencing, data availability, and fault proof or validity proof generation, are managed by a distributed network of participants rather than a single entity. It eliminates reliance on a specific operator for security or liveness, inheriting the robust security properties of the underlying Layer 1 blockchain. This design minimizes trust assumptions.
Context
The pursuit of a fully decentralized Layer 2 represents a significant objective in blockchain scaling research and development. While many current Layer 2 solutions offer varying degrees of decentralization, achieving complete removal of centralized components for all functions remains a technical challenge. Ongoing efforts focus on developing robust decentralized sequencers, distributed data availability layers, and permissionless fraud or validity proof systems. Attaining this ideal state is crucial for the long-term viability and censorship resistance of scaled blockchain networks.
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