Inactivity Leaks

Definition ∞ Inactivity leaks are a mechanism within proof-of-stake blockchain protocols designed to penalize validators who go offline or fail to perform their duties by gradually reducing their staked collateral. This process ensures network security and availability by discouraging validator downtime. It helps maintain the integrity of the consensus mechanism.
Context ∞ Inactivity leaks are a critical component of robust proof-of-stake designs, particularly in networks like Ethereum 2.0, where validator participation is essential. Their precise calibration balances the need for network security with the practicalities of validator operations. This influences staking economics and overall protocol stability.