Integer Arithmetic

Definition ∞ Integer arithmetic involves mathematical operations performed exclusively on whole numbers, without fractions or decimal components. In computer science and blockchain programming, this is crucial for precise calculations in smart contracts and cryptographic functions. Errors in integer arithmetic, such as overflow or underflow, can lead to significant vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities may permit exploits that manipulate asset balances or execution logic. Correct integer handling is vital for security.
Context ∞ Integer arithmetic errors are a recognized source of critical bugs in smart contracts, frequently reported in security analyses of blockchain projects. Developers must meticulously audit code to prevent these vulnerabilities, which can result in substantial financial losses. The ongoing development of safer programming languages and formal verification tools aims to mitigate these risks and enhance contract security.

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→General Purpose Programming

→Finite Field Constraints

→Multi-Linear SNARKs

ZNARKs Enable Efficient Verifiable Computation over Integers

A new polynomial commitment with modular remainder fundamentally simplifies creating succinct arguments for real-world integer arithmetic.

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→Inner-Product Arguments

→Logarithmic Proofs

→Proof Systems

Inner-Product Arguments over Integers for Succinct Zero-Knowledge Proofs

This research extends inner-product arguments to integers, enabling succinct, batchable zero-knowledge proofs for arithmetic circuits and range proofs.

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→Flash Loans

→Contract

→Oracle Manipulation

OWASP Identifies Top 10 Smart Contract Vulnerabilities for 2025

The OWASP Smart Contract Top 10 for 2025 highlights persistent architectural flaws, posing systemic risk to decentralized finance protocols and user assets.

Integer Arithmetic

ZNARKs Enable Efficient Verifiable Computation over Integers

Inner-Product Arguments over Integers for Succinct Zero-Knowledge Proofs

OWASP Identifies Top 10 Smart Contract Vulnerabilities for 2025

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