Leader election fairness refers to the property in distributed systems, particularly blockchains, where the process of selecting the next block producer or validator is genuinely random and unbiased. This ensures that no single participant or group can consistently predict or manipulate the outcome of the election. It promotes decentralization and prevents undue influence.
Context
Leader election fairness is a paramount concern in Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchains and other consensus mechanisms that rely on random selection. A truly fair process mitigates centralization risks and prevents malicious actors from gaining an advantage. Ongoing research and protocol upgrades, often involving Verifiable Delay Functions or distributed randomness beacons, seek to strengthen this fairness property.
Cryptographers proved a Verifiable Delay Function's fixed sequential time can be bypassed, challenging its use for secure, fair randomness in Proof-of-Stake.
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