Definition ∞ Liveness in a blockchain system ensures that the network continues to process and confirm new transactions, even in the presence of faults or attacks. Finality, conversely, refers to the assurance that once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be reversed or altered. Together, these properties are fundamental to the reliability and trustworthiness of any distributed ledger. Achieving both simultaneously, particularly under adverse conditions, is a core challenge in protocol design.
Context ∞ Liveness and finality are crucial concepts frequently discussed in blockchain protocol development and security news. Reports often analyze how different consensus mechanisms, such as Proof of Work or Proof of Stake, address these properties. The discussion includes instances where a network’s liveness was compromised or where the degree of finality was debated following a chain reorganization. Understanding these concepts is vital for assessing the robustness and security of various blockchain networks.
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