Liveness Guarantee

Definition ∞ A liveness guarantee ensures that a decentralized system or protocol continues to process transactions and make progress. This property signifies that despite potential network partitions or malicious actors, the system will eventually reach consensus and confirm legitimate operations. It contrasts with safety guarantees, which ensure that incorrect states never occur, by focusing on the system’s ability to remain operational and responsive. Protocols with strong liveness properties are crucial for reliable transaction finality and continuous service availability.
Context ∞ Discussions around liveness guarantees are central to the design and evaluation of new blockchain architectures and consensus mechanisms. News often reports on network outages or transaction backlogs, which represent temporary failures in liveness. A key area of development involves creating more robust fault-tolerant designs that maintain liveness even under severe adversarial conditions or network stress.

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→Liveness Guarantee

→Byzantine Fault Tolerance

→Consensus Protocol Security

DAG Consensus Model Secures Blockchain against MEV-driven Selfish Mining

Introducing the first tractable model for selfish mining on a DAG, this protocol raises the security threshold, enabling robust, practical high-MEV consensus.

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→Censorship Resistance

→Off-Chain Scaling

→Layer Two Rollups

Set Byzantine Consensus Decouples Sequencing and Data Availability for L2 Rollups

Set Byzantine Consensus (SBC) enables a Decentralized Arranger to jointly manage L2 transaction inclusion and data availability, eliminating centralized sequencers.

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→Block Finality

→Partially Synchronous

→High Throughput

Optimal DAG BFT Achieves Theoretical Minimum Latency

Mysticeti-C, a new DAG-BFT, achieves the theoretical three-round latency lower bound by eliminating block certification, unifying high throughput with instant finality.

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→Protocol Design

→Security Mechanism

→Transaction Ordering

Decentralized Rollup Sequencers Achieve Liveness and Censorship Resistance via Set Consensus

The Arranger primitive, built on Set Byzantine Consensus, eliminates the L2 centralization bottleneck, securing transaction ordering and liveness.

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→Protocol Robustness

→Byzantine Fault Tolerance

→Algorithm NECTAR

Algorithm NECTAR Secures Distributed Systems against Byzantine Partition Attacks

NECTAR introduces a Byzantine-fault-tolerant partition detection primitive, fundamentally securing consensus protocols against network segmentation attacks and enhancing liveness.

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→ZK Infrastructure

→Proof Mining

→Prover Network

Mechanism Design Secures Decentralized Zero-Knowledge Prover Networks

Research translates ZK proving from a centralized bottleneck into a competitive, permissionless market, ensuring modular stack liveness and cost efficiency.

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→Prover Coordination

→Decentralized Proving

→Proof Generation

Decentralizing ZK-Rollup Proving with Verifiable Stake-Weighted Auctions

A Verifiable Prover Auction leverages stake and randomness to decentralize ZK-Rollup proof generation, mitigating censorship and single-point-of-failure risks.

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→L2 MEV Mitigation

→Censorship Resistance

→Rollup Architecture

L1 Proposers Decouple Rollup Sequencing for Maximum Decentralization

The Based Sequencing model shifts rollup transaction ordering to the L1 validator set, fundamentally inheriting L1 security and eliminating sequencer centralization risk.

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→Distributed Ledgers

→Liveness Guarantee

→Consensus Throughput

Decoupling Finality and Verification Using Asynchronous Succinct State Proofs

Asynchronous Succinct State Proofs decouple high-latency state verification from fast consensus, achieving immediate finality and massive throughput scaling.

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→Synchronous Model

→Protocol Design

→Liveness Guarantee

Censorship Resistance Inevitably Requires Two Additional Consensus Rounds

Formalizing Censorship Resistant Byzantine Broadcast proves a fundamental, two-round latency lower bound for protocols that eliminate leader-based censorship.