Definition ∞ A logic-based vulnerability is a weakness within the operational rules or decision-making processes embedded in a smart contract or protocol, rather than a low-level coding error. These flaws arise from incorrect assumptions, incomplete specifications, or unintended interactions between different system components. Exploiting such a vulnerability allows an attacker to manipulate the system’s intended behavior, often leading to unauthorized asset transfers or state changes. Identifying these requires deep understanding of the system’s design.
Context ∞ Many high-profile exploits in decentralized finance stem from logic-based vulnerabilities that are difficult to detect with automated tools. News reports frequently analyze these sophisticated attacks, emphasizing the need for formal verification and economic modeling during development. The ongoing challenge is to prevent these subtle design flaws that can lead to significant financial losses.