A longest chain protocol is a rule in certain blockchains where the network considers the chain with the most cumulative proof-of-work as the valid history. Participants extend the chain by adding new blocks to the one with the greatest computational effort. This mechanism resolves conflicts when multiple valid blocks are proposed simultaneously. It forms the basis of many early cryptocurrency networks.
Context
The longest chain protocol is a foundational concept in the security and operation of proof-of-work blockchains like Bitcoin, frequently discussed in news related to network forks or security analyses. Debates often address its susceptibility to 51% attacks and the time required for transaction finality. Alternative consensus mechanisms aim to mitigate these limitations.
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