Definition ∞ Longest Chain refers to the blockchain containing the greatest cumulative proof-of-work, or the most validated blocks, as determined by a network’s consensus mechanism. In proof-of-work systems like Bitcoin, the longest chain is considered the canonical and valid history of transactions. Nodes on the network prioritize this chain when resolving forks or discrepancies. This principle ensures network security and agreement on the single correct state of the ledger.
Context ∞ The concept of the Longest Chain is fundamental to the security and operation of many decentralized networks, particularly Bitcoin. Discussions often relate to the potential for 51% attacks, where a malicious entity could control enough hashing power to create an alternative longer chain. Critical future developments include advancements in proof-of-stake mechanisms, which alter the definition of chain validity. Observing changes in mining distribution and network security metrics provides context for protocol robustness.
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