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Median Rule

Definition ∞ The median rule is a statistical principle used to select a central value from a dataset. In certain decentralized systems, particularly those relying on oracles for external data, the median rule can be applied to aggregate multiple data points, such as asset prices. By taking the median rather than the average, the system becomes more resilient to outliers or malicious data submissions from a minority of sources. This helps ensure data integrity and reliability for smart contracts.
Context ∞ The median rule is often discussed in technical news related to oracle security and decentralized data aggregation. Its application helps protect decentralized finance protocols from price manipulation attacks. Debates sometimes involve comparing the median rule with other aggregation methods and their respective vulnerabilities.

A close-up reveals an intricate, high-precision metallic and azure-blue component, possibly a core element of a validator node or a smart contract execution engine. White, frothy substance, indicative of protocol sanitization or a cleansing process, adheres to its complex gears and interfaces. This visual metaphor highlights the critical ongoing data integrity checks and smart contract auditing essential for maintaining decentralized ledger technology DLT hygiene. The meticulous process ensures robust network resilience and optimal performance of cryptographic primitives within a blockchain ecosystem.

→State Machine Replication

→Adaptive Adversaries

→Commitment Certificates

Lightweight Leaderless SMR Protocol Fortifies Decentralized Liveness and Safety

This new leaderless State Machine Replication protocol uses a median rule and commitment certificates to ensure liveness against targeted adaptive DoS attacks.