Merklized data structures are hierarchical data arrangements where cryptographic hash functions are applied iteratively to data blocks, forming a Merkle tree. Each higher-level hash is a computation of its underlying hashes, with a single root hash representing the entire dataset. This structure enables efficient and secure verification of data integrity and proof of inclusion without requiring access to all data. They are fundamental to blockchain immutability.
Context
Merklized data structures are a foundational component of most blockchain protocols, providing the integrity and tamper-evidence necessary for decentralized ledgers. News related to blockchain upgrades or new protocols often references improvements in their implementation to enhance scalability or reduce verification costs. Their efficiency in cryptographic proofs is critical for technologies like zero-knowledge rollups and other layer-2 solutions aiming to expand transaction throughput.
Introducing the AVL* tree, a Byzantine-fault-tolerant Merklized structure that enables secure, concurrent state chunk downloading, drastically improving node synchronization speed and liveness.
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