Ethereum Pectra Upgrade Introduces Account Abstraction and Staking Refinements

The Pectra upgrade fundamentally enhances Ethereum's execution layer and staking mechanism, enabling advanced smart contract wallet functionalities.
Ethereum Fusaka Upgrade Enhances Data Availability and Scaling

The Fusaka upgrade, centered on PeerDAS, rearchitects data availability verification to significantly amplify Layer 2 throughput and reduce operational overhead for nodes.
Ethereum EIP-4844 Implements Proto-Danksharding for Layer 2 Scalability

EIP-4844 establishes a dedicated data availability layer for rollups, fundamentally re-architecting transaction cost economics for the Ethereum ecosystem.
EIP-4844 Dencun Upgrade Implements Blob Data Storage

EIP-4844 introduces transient data blobs on the consensus layer, architecturally optimizing Layer-2 transaction data availability and significantly reducing operational costs.
Ethereum Layer-2 Scaling Enhances Throughput and Reduces Transaction Costs

Layer-2 architectures decouple execution from the mainnet, fundamentally transforming Ethereum's transactional capacity and economic viability.