Definition ∞ Non-linear functions are mathematical relationships where the output is not directly proportional to the input, meaning their graph is not a straight line. These functions are essential for modeling complex systems where relationships are dynamic and exhibit varying rates of change. They contrast with linear functions that show constant rates of change.
Context ∞ In cryptography and blockchain, non-linear functions are fundamental to the security of hashing algorithms, digital signatures, and zero-knowledge proofs. Their complexity makes it computationally difficult to reverse engineer inputs from outputs, thereby safeguarding data integrity and privacy. Advances in efficiently computing and verifying non-linear functions are crucial for the progress of advanced cryptographic protocols.
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