The NP complexity class, or Nondeterministic Polynomial time, describes a set of computational problems for which a given solution can be verified in polynomial time. While verifying a solution is relatively quick, finding a solution might take an exponentially longer time. Many cryptographic problems rely on this property, where it is easy to check a proof but hard to generate one without specific knowledge. This concept is fundamental to the security of many digital systems.
Context
The NP complexity class is often referenced in academic and technical discussions concerning the security foundations of cryptographic primitives used in blockchain. News related to breakthroughs in computational theory or quantum computing might mention its implications for the difficulty of breaking current encryption standards. The ongoing research into problems within NP and their practical solvability directly impacts the long-term security assurances of digital assets.
By introducing a security definition based on logical independence, this breakthrough achieves non-interactive, transparent zero-knowledge proofs with perfect soundness, eliminating the need for trusted setups.
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