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Offline Memory Checking

Definition

Offline memory checking is a technique used in verifiable computation, particularly with zero-knowledge proofs, where the integrity of memory access patterns is verified separately from the main computation. Instead of verifying each memory operation within the arithmetic circuit, a cryptographic proof of correct memory access is generated “offline” or in a pre-processing step. This approach significantly reduces the circuit size and prover overhead for computations involving extensive memory use. It enhances the efficiency of zero-knowledge systems.