Definition ∞ On-Chain Centralization Risk refers to the potential for control over a decentralized blockchain network to become concentrated in the hands of a small number of entities or individuals. This risk can arise from various factors, including the accumulation of mining power, large validator stakes, or significant control over protocol governance. Such concentration undermines the core principles of decentralization, potentially leading to censorship, manipulation, or reduced network security. It poses a significant threat to the integrity of decentralized systems.
Context ∞ Debates surrounding On-Chain Centralization Risk are a recurring theme in cryptocurrency news, especially concerning the health and future of major proof-of-work and proof-of-stake blockchains. Reports often analyze metrics like validator distribution, mining pool dominance, and token holder concentration. Efforts to address this risk through protocol adjustments, governance reforms, or technological innovations are frequently discussed as critical for the long-term viability of decentralized networks.