On-chain randomness refers to the generation of unpredictable and verifiable random numbers directly on a blockchain, without relying on external sources. This is achieved through cryptographic techniques that utilize the inherent properties of the blockchain, such as block hashes or transaction details, or through specific decentralized protocols. The critical characteristic is that the randomness cannot be predicted or manipulated by any single participant or a small group. This ensures fairness and security for various decentralized applications.
Context
The pursuit of truly secure and unbiased on-chain randomness is a persistent challenge and an active area of research in blockchain development, often highlighted in technical news. Many decentralized applications, including gaming, lotteries, and decentralized autonomous organization decisions, depend on reliable random inputs. Discussions frequently address the trade-offs between security, decentralization, and the computational cost of generating verifiable random numbers directly on the ledger.
Staked Randomness Sequencer (SRS) uses VRF-weighted stake to select L2 sequencers, eliminating the single point of failure and unlocking true censorship resistance.
Researchers halved Verifiable Delay Function verification gas costs, making cryptographically secure, unbiasable randomness practical for resource-constrained smart contracts.
This new Cornucopia framework combines Verifiable Delay Functions with accumulators to create a scalable, bias-resistant randomness beacon secure with only one honest participant.
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