Protocol Design Shapes Validator Geography and Systemic Resilience
        
        
        
        
          
        
        
      
        
    
        
        Latency-calibrated modeling proves multi-source block aggregation accelerates validator clustering, demanding architectural levers for global distribution.
        
        Permissionless Consensus Framework Defines Blockchain Security Limits
        
        
        
        
          
        
        
      
        
    
        
        This research establishes a foundational framework for permissionless consensus, categorizing blockchain environments to reveal inherent security and liveness.
        
        Economic Security Limits in Permissionless Consensus Protocols
        
        
        
        
          
        
        
      
        
    
        
        This research establishes a foundational mathematical framework to rigorously assess the economic security of permissionless blockchain consensus, enabling the design of more resilient protocols.
