Definition ∞ In the context of blockchain, a phase transition refers to a significant and fundamental change in a network’s operational state, often involving a major protocol upgrade or a shift in its consensus mechanism. This change can alter the network’s properties, such as its security model, scalability, or economic incentives. Such transitions are critical evolutionary steps for blockchain ecosystems.
Context ∞ The discussion around phase transitions is prominent in networks undergoing major upgrades, such as Ethereum’s shift from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake, which fundamentally altered its energy consumption and validator model. A key debate concerns the coordination challenges and potential risks associated with such large-scale changes, including network splits or unforeseen vulnerabilities. Future developments will involve other protocols planning similar structural adjustments to improve their long-term viability.
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