Privilege Escalation

Definition ∞ Privilege Escalation is a cyberattack where an unauthorized user gains elevated access rights within a computer system or network. This often involves exploiting system vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, or software bugs to obtain permissions beyond those initially granted. Successful escalation permits the attacker to perform actions reserved for administrators or other high-level users, such as modifying critical files or executing arbitrary code. It represents a severe security breach that can lead to complete system compromise and data exfiltration.
Context ∞ Privilege Escalation frequently appears in crypto news when reporting on security incidents, particularly those involving exchange hacks or smart contract exploits. These attacks are a primary method for malicious actors to bypass security controls and access sensitive digital assets or system functions. The discovery of such vulnerabilities often triggers urgent security patches and audits across affected platforms. Preventing privilege escalation is a continuous challenge for blockchain developers and cybersecurity professionals working to secure digital infrastructure.