Probabilistic Safety is a property of a distributed system or protocol where safety guarantees hold with a very high probability, rather than absolute certainty. This acknowledges the possibility of rare, temporary inconsistencies. It is a practical approach in systems where absolute certainty is computationally prohibitive.
Context
Probabilistic safety is a fundamental concept in many blockchain consensus algorithms. Transactions are considered final after a sufficient number of confirmations, accepting a diminishingly small chance of reversal in favor of liveness and decentralization. This trade-off is central to the design of public distributed ledgers.
Redefining the asynchronous network model with non-adversarial scheduling circumvents the classic FLP impossibility, enabling provably live BFT consensus.
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