Proof of Stake fairness pertains to the equitable distribution of rewards and influence within a Proof of Stake consensus mechanism. It concerns whether staking power, and consequently block production and transaction validation rights, are distributed without undue bias towards larger stakeholders or specific entities. This attribute ensures that the protocol remains decentralized and resistant to centralization risks. Achieving fairness helps prevent a small number of validators from dominating the network.
Context
The concept of Proof of Stake fairness is a central discussion point in the evolution of many prominent blockchain networks, including Ethereum. Concerns about stake centralization and the potential for cartel formation are frequently raised. Ongoing protocol upgrades and research explore mechanisms like liquid staking derivatives and decentralized staking pools to enhance the equitable participation of all network participants.
A new sortition protocol leverages verifiable randomness to select transactions fairly, eliminating the centralized sequencer's ability to extract MEV.
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