Provable finality describes a state in a blockchain where a transaction, once confirmed, is mathematically guaranteed to be irreversible without the explicit consent of a supermajority of network participants, whose actions would be immediately attributable and severely penalized. This strong form of finality offers cryptographic assurance that a block will not be reverted. It provides a high degree of certainty for all network actors. This property is a hallmark of certain consensus algorithms.
Context
The concept of provable finality is a key differentiator for various blockchain protocols, particularly those employing Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) based consensus mechanisms. Discussions often highlight its benefits for transaction certainty and cross-chain interoperability. Future developments aim to enhance the efficiency and scalability of protocols offering provable finality while maintaining their robust security guarantees.
The new Accountability Gadget formally quantifies the economic cost of PoS reorganizations, transforming finality from a social consensus into a provable, suicidal economic guarantee.
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