Definition ∞ Public key encryption is a cryptographic method employing a pair of mathematically linked keys for secure communication. One key, the public key, can be freely distributed and used for encrypting messages or verifying digital signatures. The other, the private key, must be kept secret and is used for decrypting messages or creating digital signatures. This asymmetry allows for secure data exchange without prior shared secrets. It forms the basis for many modern security protocols.
Context ∞ Public key encryption is a foundational technology for securing digital assets and blockchain networks, frequently referenced in discussions about transaction security. It enables users to securely send cryptocurrencies and verify ownership without exposing private information directly. Its robustness against computational attacks is a primary concern in the face of quantum computing advancements, driving research into post-quantum cryptography.
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