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QMA Complexity Class

Definition ∞ The QMA complexity class, standing for Quantum Merlin-Arthur, describes a set of computational decision problems that can be efficiently verified by a quantum computer. In this framework, a powerful but untrusted quantum prover (Merlin) provides a quantum proof, which a polynomial-time quantum verifier (Arthur) can then check with high probability. It represents the quantum analogue of the classical NP complexity class. Understanding QMA is critical for assessing the limits of quantum computation.
Context ∞ News concerning post-quantum cryptography and the long-term security of blockchain systems often mentions the QMA complexity class. Discussions revolve around the potential for quantum computers to break existing cryptographic primitives, necessitating the development of quantum-resistant algorithms. Research in this area is paramount for ensuring the future security of digital assets against advanced computational threats.

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Non-Interactive Quantum Knowledge Arguments Achieve Transparent Setup and Extractable Security

A new non-interactive quantum proof system uses coset state authentication to achieve transparent setup and extractable security, advancing post-quantum verifiable computation.