Definition ∞ QMA problems, or Quantum Merlin-Arthur problems, define a complexity class for problems whose solutions can be verified by a quantum computer. In this model, a powerful but untrusted quantum prover offers a quantum proof, and a polynomial-time quantum verifier assesses its validity with high probability. This class extends classical NP problems into the quantum computational domain.
Context ∞ The study of QMA problems holds significant relevance for the future of cryptography and quantum computing, particularly concerning the resilience of blockchain systems against quantum threats. News and research frequently investigate how the emergence of advanced quantum computers might affect existing cryptographic standards. This area necessitates the exploration of quantum-resistant algorithms to secure digital assets.
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