A rational adversary model assumes that any attacker attempting to compromise a blockchain network will act in their own economic self-interest, seeking to maximize profit or minimize loss. This model posits that attackers will only undertake actions where the potential gains outweigh the costs and risks of detection and punishment. It is a fundamental framework used in blockchain security analysis to design robust incentive mechanisms. This approach informs protocol design to deter attacks.
Context
The rational adversary model is a standard analytical tool in evaluating the security of decentralized protocols, especially in proof-of-stake systems where economic incentives are paramount. Debates often focus on the assumptions underlying rationality and how to account for irrational or non-economic attacks. Future research aims to refine these models to better predict and mitigate a wider range of potential threats.
The new Accountability Gadget formally quantifies the economic cost of PoS reorganizations, transforming finality from a social consensus into a provable, suicidal economic guarantee.
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