Relay centralization describes a situation where a limited number of “relays” or specialized intermediaries dominate the process of transmitting user transactions to block builders or validators in a blockchain network. This concentration can arise in systems employing proposer-builder separation (PBS), where relays play a critical role in facilitating communication. Such a setup introduces points of control over transaction flow. It impacts transaction ordering.
Context
Relay centralization is a growing concern in networks that separate block proposal from block building, particularly regarding the potential for censorship and unfair transaction ordering. Discussions often address the implications for network neutrality and the overall decentralization of transaction inclusion. A critical future development involves exploring and implementing decentralized relay networks or alternative transaction submission methods to mitigate these centralization risks and maintain open access.
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