Rollup Architecture

Definition ∞ Rollup architecture describes a scaling solution for blockchains that processes transactions off-chain and then posts a compressed summary to the main chain. This approach significantly increases transaction throughput and reduces fees on the base layer. Different types, such as optimistic rollups and ZK-rollups, have distinct security models. Rollup architecture is designed to enhance the scalability of existing blockchain networks without compromising decentralization.
Context ∞ Rollup architecture is a primary focus for addressing the scalability limitations of popular blockchains like Ethereum. Discussions frequently compare the security assumptions and performance characteristics of optimistic versus ZK-rollups. The ongoing development and deployment of these solutions are critical for the wider adoption of decentralized applications.

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→Sequencing Policy

→Rollup Architecture

→BFT Protocol

Decentralized Arranger Unifies Sequencing and Data Availability via Set Consensus

A new decentralized arranger primitive leverages Set Byzantine Consensus to unify L2 sequencing and data availability, eliminating centralized trust bottlenecks.

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→Mechanism Design

→Batch Sealing

→Zero-Knowledge Proofs

ZK-Rollup Fee Mechanism Design Space and Cost Optimization

Researchers formalize the ZK-Rollup transaction fee mechanism design space, optimizing operational costs across sequencing, data availability, and proving for long-term incentive compatibility.

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→Offchain Computation

→Censorship Resistance

→Block Batching

Set Consensus Decentralizes Rollup Sequencing and Data Availability

Set Byzantine Consensus enables a decentralized arranger service, eliminating centralized sequencer risks and securing Layer 2 evolution.

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→Distributed Systems

→Economic Fairness

→Censorship Resistance

Two-Step Algorithm Decentralizes ZK-Rollup Proving, Securing Finality and Incentives

A new two-step submission algorithm for zero-knowledge proofs fundamentally decentralizes the ZK-Rollup prover role, eliminating single-node failure risk and distributing economic rewards.

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→Rollup Decentralization

→Incentive Alignment

→Protocol Engineering

Decoupling Prover and Sequencer Roles for Decentralized ZK Rollups

A new Prover-Validator Separation mechanism uses a sealed-bid auction to decentralize zero-knowledge proof generation, mitigating rollup centralization and MEV risk.

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→State Root Verification

→EVM Compatibility

→Network Congestion

ZKsync Atlas Upgrade Unifies Layer Two Liquidity with 15,000 TPS Capacity

The Atlas upgrade's unified liquidity model eliminates L2 fragmentation, fundamentally redefining capital efficiency across the entire ZK-rollup ecosystem.

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→zkSNARK Scalability

→Polynomial Commitment Schemes

→Proof Generation Efficiency

Distributed zk-SNARKs Enable Linear-Scaling Proof Generation with Constant Communication

This distributed Plonk protocol transforms monolithic proof generation into a parallel task, linearly scaling zkRollups via constant-size worker communication.

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→Network Effects

→Capital Efficiency

→Transaction Costs

Base Layer Two Transactions Surpass Competitors Validating Scalable Ecosystem Growth

Base's transaction dominance and $4B TVL validate its high-throughput, low-cost architecture as the critical user acquisition funnel for application-layer dApps.

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→Rollup Architecture

→Transaction Ordering

→Rollup Decentralization

Staked Randomness Secures Rollup Sequencers Preventing Censorship and Centralization

Staked Randomness Sequencer (SRS) uses VRF-weighted stake to select L2 sequencers, eliminating the single point of failure and unlocking true censorship resistance.

→Tokenized Utility

→Layer Two Scaling

→Modular Blockchain

Tensora Launches First AI-Powered Layer 2 Rollup on BNB Chain Mainnet

The OP Stack-based AI Layer 2 transforms compute contribution into a permissionless economic primitive, unlocking decentralized machine intelligence at scale.